The Helios Biblios Hour (book of the SUN) : Fear of A Black Cuba???

The ups and downs of history and ill intentions of individuals have made us forget the history – today incomplete – of an institution we could well call the mother of the Cuban nation: freemasonry.Introduced into the country by British conquistadores in 1762, when, according to a Mason historian, “the light of freemasonry shone in Cuba for the first time”, it became deeply rooted in the culture and expanded until the beginning of the 19th century, when French émigrés, coupled with agricultural, industrial and market innovations, brought about a revolution in the field of ideas.The uprising of 1810, known as the “Great Masonic Conspiracy”, was organized at a lodge in Havana.. Those implicated included Roman de la Luz, uncle of the renowned Jose de la Luz y Caballero, who actually called on different popular sectors, such as the black and mixed race residents of the neighborhoods of Belen.A white criollo and the son of a colonel, Bassave Cardenas worked closely with the free black man Jose Antonio Aponte.On April 9, 1812, they died at the gallows. The head of the leader, the criollo and free black man Jose Antonio Aponte, was exhibited in an iron cage.The 'race war' of 1912 was, in reality, an outburst of white racism against Afro-Cubans." - Aline Helg in "Our Rightful Share, The Afro-Cuban Struggle for Equality, 1886-1912"The Partido Independiente de Color, established in 1908 by Evaristo Estenoz and others, sought to correct the problems of the new republic, but found itself unable to push its agenda forward.All over the island, Afro-Cubans were arrested, harassed, and killed, simply out of "suspicion." Suddenly, in May and June of 1912, Jose Marti/ it was very dangerous to be of dark skin in Cuba."Racist" is a confusing word, and it should be clarified. Men have no special rights simply because they belong to one race or another