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Is the earth flat like a pancake or spherical like a globe?
From ancient times each concept has had its supporters. The Sumerians, Babylonians, ancient Egyptians, early
Hebrews, and most Greeks believed in a flat earth. Some ancient Greek scientists, as well as many Church
Fathers for example, Origen, the Venerable Bede, Albertus Magus, and St. Thomas-Aquinas supported
the round earth. In late medieval and early modern times, Roger Bacon, Copernicus, Galileo, Columbus, and
Magellan held that the earth is round.
A. Some evidence for the flat earth concept:
B. Many passages in the Bible are consistent with a flat earth.
C. The land looks flat, even when viewed from high up or when measured by surveyors' instruments.
The space program is a fraud. The space shuttle is a joke. The Apollo moon project was a Hollywood
scenario written and directed by Arthur C. Clarke, well-known science fiction writer.
B. Some evidence for the round earth concept:
On a flat earth, bodies in the sky should be visible at the same time from all parts of the surface. This is not
so. For example, stars around the Pole Star are never visible at low latitudes in the southern hemisphere.
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies was dedicated to Pope Paul III, whom Copernicus asked to protect him from vilification. In the Dedication (excerpts which are included here), Copernicus explains his reason for delaying the publication of his book. Copernicus first made known his ideas on heliocentrism in manuscript form only, which he circulated among a few colleagues. His radical work came to the attention of a young mathematician and astronomer, Georg Joachim Rheticus, who became the chief advocate of Copernicus's new theory.