199: What Kind of Money Is It?

How a bank panic led to the creation of the Federal Reserve, and why having diversified sources of money can protect us in case we have a bank panic today and can't get access to our bank deposits. More information, including show notes, can be found here.

Episode Summary

Asking the question “What kind of money is it?” may seem a bit unnecessary. Everyone knows what money is, what it does, and why it exists. However, on this episode of Money For The Rest Of Us, David explains the different types of currency, why the bank panics of the 19th and early 20th centuries defined American banking today, and why it is so important to diversify your types of money holdings.

How the Panic of 1907 defined the American banking systems we see today

Thousands of Americans sadly learned that grand architecture could not shore up failing banks during the Panic of 1907. Massive amounts of money were lost due to failing institutions, party because only 5% to 25% of all deposits were held in cash. When citizens caught wind of the failures and wanted to immediately withdraw their holdings, the banks and trust companies could not fulfill their requests. A similar situation happened during the financial crisis of 2008 when the liquidity for banks lending to Wall Street dried up. David takes these complex scenarios and breaks them down into manageable ideas.

Why were bank panics so common in the 19th century?

Events such as the Panic of 1907 were common in the 19th century because there was not a central bank that could provide liquidity in times of crisis. Each state and national bank had their own currency. This proved to be unstable. The U.S. central bank, the Federal Reserve, was created as a reaction to the original Panic of 1907, and the US dollar as issued by the Federal Reserve began in 1914. The original gold stand