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Lithium is a metallic element, its chemical symbol Li (its English name lithium), is a silvery white, very soft, lively and chemical properties of metal, the metal is the lightest. In addition to its application outside the atomic energy industry, can produce special alloys, special glass (TV screen glass used), and lithium batteries. In lithium batteries use it as a battery anode.

Lithium batteries are also divided into two categories: non-rechargeable and rechargeable types. Non-rechargeable battery known as the disposable batteries, it can only be a one-time chemical energy into electrical energy, electrical energy can not be restored back to chemical energy (or restore the performance of poor). The rechargeable battery is called secondary batteries (also known as batteries). It would be chemical energy into electrical energy stored in the use of time, and then convert chemical energy into electrical energy, which is reversible, such as chemical energy lithium batteries power the main IBM THINKPAD T20 Battery.

Smart portable electronics products require light weight and size of filial piety, but the battery size and weight compared with other electronic components are often the largest and most heavy. For example, I remember when the "Big Brother" is very "thick, heavy," while today's cell phone is so light. One improvement is the battery played a significant role: in the past is a nickel-cadmium batteries, lithium-ion batteries are now.

The biggest characteristic of lithium batteries is higher than the energy. What is the specific energy then? Refers to the specific energy per unit weight or unit volume of energy. With the specific energy Wh / kg or Wh / L to represent. Wh is a unit of energy, W is watts, h is the hours; kg is 1000 grams (weight units), L is liters (volume units). To give an example to illustrate: 5, nickel-cadmium batteries rated at 1.2V, a capacity of 800mAh, then its energy 0.96Wh (1.2V × 0.8Ah). 5, the same size Lithium - Manganese Dioxide battery rated at 3V, its capacity is 1200mAh, then its energy 3.6Wh. Both the battery size is the same, then the lithium - manganese dioxide battery is a nickel-cadmium battery specific energy of 375 times!

1 5 nickel-cadmium batteries, weighing about 23g, while a 5 Lithium - Manganese Dioxide Battery weighs about 18g. 1 Lithium - Manganese Dioxide battery 3V, while the two nickel-cadmium batteries was 2.4V. Therefore, when the battery using a small number of lithium battery (to reduce size of portable electronic products to reduce the weight of filial piety), and long battery operating life.

In addition, the lithium battery with a discharge voltage stability, operating temperature range, self-discharge rate is low, storage, long life, no memory effect and pollution-free and so on.

The drawback is that lithium batteries are expensive, so it is not yet widely used, mainly used in handheld computers, PDA, communications equipment, cameras, satellites, missiles, torpedoes, equipment and so on. Along with technological development, process improvement and production increase in the price of lithium batteries will continue to decline, applications will be more common.

Non-rechargeable lithium batteries

Non-rechargeable lithium batteries have a variety of currently used are lithium - manganese dioxide batteries, lithium - thionyl chloride batteries and lithium batteries and other compounds. This article describes only the first two of the most commonly used.
1, lithium - manganese dioxide batteries (Li  MnO2)
Lithium - Manganese Dioxide Lithium battery is a kind of anode to manganese dioxide as cathode, and a one-time use of organic electrolyte batteries. The main characteristics of the battery cell voltage is high, rated voltage of 3V (an ordinary alkaline batteries 2 times); the termination of the discharge voltage of 2V; than the energy of large (see above examples); discharge voltage is stable and reliable; a good storage properties (storage time 3 years), self-discharge rate is low (annual self-discharge rate ≤ 2%); Operating temperature range -20 ℃ ~ +60 ℃.

The battery can be made into a different shape to meet different requirements, it has a rectangular, cylindrical and button-shaped (button). There are also different cylindrical diameter and height measurements. Here are all the more familiar one # (size of the code D), 2 # (size of Code C) and 5 # (size of the code AA) batteries main parameters.

CR is expressed as cylindrical lithium - manganese dioxide battery; five figures, the first two that the diameter of the battery, the latter three, said with a decimal level. For example, CR14505, whose diameter is 14mm, height of 50  5mm (this model is generic).

Here we must point out that the same plant are different types of batteries may be some differences in their parameters. In addition, the standard discharge current value is smaller, the actual discharge current can be larger than the standard discharge current, and the continuous discharge and pulse discharge permit discharge current is different from the battery plant to provide relevant data. For example, Li Hing power produced by CR14505 gives maximum continuous discharge current of 1000mA, maximum pulse discharge current up to ACER LCBTP03003 Battery.

The camera using lithium batteries are mostly lithium - manganese dioxide battery. Here the camera commonly used in lithium - manganese dioxide battery included in Table 2, for reference.

Button type (button) batteries smaller, its diameter of 12.5 ~ 24.5mm, height of 1.6 ~ 5.0mm. Several more commonly used button batteries as shown in Table 3.

CR for the cylindrical lithium - manganese dioxide battery, the last four digits in the first two for the diameter size of the battery, the latter two with a decimal point for the height measurements. For example, CR1220 diameter of 12.5mm (not including the number after the decimal point), the height of 2.0mm. This model that is universal.

This button batteries commonly used in clock, calculator, electronic notebook, cameras, hearing aids, electronic games, IC cards, backup power supplies.

2, lithium - thionyl chloride batteries (Li  SOCl2)

Lithium - thionyl chloride battery is the highest specific energy of a current can be achieved 500Wh/kg or 1000Wh / L level. Its rated voltage is 3.6V, medium-current discharge of 3.4V with a very flat discharge characteristics (available at 90% of capacity within the flat to discharge, to keep small change). The battery can be -40 ℃ ~ +85 ℃, within the scope of work, but in -40 ℃ ambient temperature when the volume capacity of about 50%. Self-discharge rate is low (annual self-discharge rate ≤ 1%), storage life of up to 10 years.

With a # (size of the code D) nickel-cadmium batteries and 1 # lithium - thionyl chloride battery than the energy to make a comparison: 1 # nickel-cadmium batteries rated at 1.2V, capacity 5000mAh; 1 # lithium - thionyl chloride, rated voltage of 3.6V, capacity 10000mAh, the latter than six times more energy than in the former Great!

Application Notes

The above-mentioned two kinds of lithium batteries is a disposable battery, non-rechargeable (charge time is dangerous!); The battery is not short-circuit between anode and cathode; not be too large current discharge (more than the maximum discharge current discharge); battery until it ceases to discharge when the voltage should be electronic products removed in a timely manner; run out of battery is not squeezing, burning and demolition; can not exceed the prescribed temperature range of use.

As the lithium battery voltage is higher than ordinary batteries or nickel-cadmium batteries, make no mistake when used to avoid damage to the circuit. Through the familiar model of the CR, ER can know the type and rated voltage. In the purchase of new batteries, be sure to buy according to the original model, otherwise it will affect the performance of electronic HP PAVILION DV4000 Battery.