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First, the nominal voltage of power adapter normally dell laptop battery refers to the open circuit output voltage, that is, do not take any load, there is no current output voltage value. Therefore, that this is the power supply output voltage limit. For the internal use of the initiative power supply unit or voltage regulator components of the benchmark, in general the use of high resistance DC voltmeter can be directly measured nominal voltage (electromotive force should be a more accurate method of bridge belongs to the University of General Physics course experiment, not repeat them here), even if the mains voltage fluctuations in a certain place, is laptop battery secure in its output a constant value; but for a small market, low-cost transformers, such as the Walkman and the like to the type used is basically the traditional magnetic core transformer with four rectifier diode bridge rectifier coupled with a large filter capacitor on the bin, and so if you use common dc voltage meter measured value will be greater than the nominal voltage, because the output of bridge rectifier pulsating DC, simply said to be a sinusoidal voltage signal is a half weeks of time connected chain, after going through the filter capacitor will become flat after some, but the ripple coefficient remains high (ripple coefficient is the same magnitude of voltage signal fluctuation the average voltage ratio, the smaller the closer description voltage direct current), the so-called nominal voltage refers to the time integral of this voltage divided by the integration time, simple to understand is the dell D5318 battery right time, on average, if an ordinary DC Voltage Meter , measured value is very close to the maximum value of the voltage signal, so uncertainty. At the same time, if the electricity fluctuate, the output of such power will change as well.
In general, the real average no-load voltage of the power adapter is not necessarily exactly the same nominal voltage, because the characteristics of electronic components can not be exactly the same, so it allowed a certain margin of error, civil cases according to the need to control the use of 0.1% to about 5%. The smaller errors, the consistency of demand for electronic components, the higher the cost of industrial production, the higher the price of course, the more expensive.
Secondly, the power supply nominal current value. Regardless of any power supply has a certain amount of resistance, so when the power supply output current when the voltage drop in the internally generated, is equal to the output current multiplied by the power supply resistance. Led to two things, one is to produce heat, is equal to the square of the output current multiplied by resistance, so the power will be hot, the other is the nominal dell G5260 battery voltage minus the output voltage becomes the internal voltage drop, resulting in lower output voltage. The design is usually completed in considering the heat issues, the general restrictions on a current value, when the output current to achieve this is worth the time, the output voltage is reduced to 95% of nominal voltage, or other ratio, the manufacturers of products according to the different needs of the load can be set up be higher or lower proportion of the current value is the nominal current. Such as 72W power adapter for ibm16V nominal current is 4.5A (16 * 4.5 = 72, nonsense). If the load resistance is too low, resulting in the output current exceeds the nominal current, generally two things will happen, one more than the individual components due to heat capacity resulted in the burning dell G5266 battery heat damage caused by power supply, and the other is the thermal design margin left, only reflected in to further reduce the output voltage, if the decline too much may cause the load not work correctly.
To understand these concepts, we can determine the second question of this article. The same nominal power supply voltage, output current is different, the same can be used in the books. The underlying principle is the nominal current of large power can be replaced by a small nominal current of the power. Some of our friends there was any misunderstanding, I feel great nominal current of the power will burn books, because the current big Well. How much current is actually the same situation in the voltage depends on the load, that is, the work of books, when the books when the high load operation, the current was much bigger when the books go into dell Latitude CPi battery standby, the current on the smaller, short current equal to added to the books the voltage divided by the books on the equivalent resistance. Large nominal current power supply has sufficient current margin and will not replace the current power after a small nominal output voltage is too low or overheating situation. On the contrary, with a small current is replaced by high-current power supply on the existence of such a risk. But some friends instead of 72w with a 56w power supply is also no problem with them, because the power adapter is usually designed to leave a margin, load power must be less than the power supply power, so this place is in general use feasible, but the margin on the remaining Power are few, and the books once you pick a lot of peripherals, such as the two usb hard dell Inspiron 8200 battery drive, and then cpu running at full speed, and then there is a base with a drive at full speed to read the disk, and then with the same time charging the battery, estimated to be dangerous, it is necessary to keep your hands touch the power supply is not already a boiled egg. 72w more than the 16w adapter, 56w is the deal with this situation. So it is best not to use the small high-current power instead of high-current power supply. If you really do, conditional friends can try to Cece largest consumer of your books, when the actual needs of current measurement method is simple, a socket, a plug, an ammeter, Jigen wire, a soldering iron can be. If you have the power within the nominal dell Inspiron 8000 battery current, of course, is safe.
Answered the second question, the third question is very simple. Let us not doubt the power of your problem, first look at your books are doing, is not like the above said two usb hard drives, cpu running at full speed, hard disk read and write crazy, drive at full speed to read the disk, while charging the battery, loud the music, the screen brightness of the largest wireless network card has been detected signal, etc., make good use of power management, according to mandate a reasonable adjustment of the working state of books is very important. Many people do not like to use power management, I can even see a lot of friends after the installation of the power management software does not want any kind of management mode is enabled, then he should still be doing? Will not be just to see if the battery is left by How many, right?
As to the fourth question, the question of who is likely to electronic circuit is an outsider. Power to the books to the books and battery power supply is different, first of all that battery-powered, the battery's output is pure DC, very clean, direct access to DC transformer modules can be, the battery voltage is neither possible nor need to design very high, microelectronic circuits analog signals and digital signals to 5V voltage demand is now largely bounded by the dell Inspiron 8100 battery efficiency and remove the transformer module's pressure demand, 10.8V sufficient, but the decision lithium battery chemistry EMF the core of a power-saving 3.6V output voltage can only be around, so a lot of batteries are based on three series of the way, 10.8V have become a very popular battery voltage. Some of the battery 3.6V nominal value of an integer multiple of slightly larger than some, such as 3.7V or 11.2V, and so, in fact, in order to protect the battery (a very small number of manufacturers would discharge the battery termination voltage is set at 3.7V), or in the calculation of the battery When the design capacity of the manipulation. If you use the power supply, the situation is more complex, first of all need to join the voltage regulator further filtered to ensure that the power performance is not a good situation stable jobs, the voltage regulator after the two-pronged, all the way to the books Working power supply, another way to charge the battery, power supply to the books of that part of the experience when the same with the battery-powered, and give that part of the battery through the battery charge control circuit can be added to the batteries, the control the circuit can be very complex, it simply should include the primary regulator, precision tunable voltage regulator, SCR conditioning pulse output, regulated output, current feedback, the process of recording and computing chip, charge, charge self-feedback regulation process parameters, etc., so supply voltage must be greater than batteries have sufficient differential voltage is supplied to the charge control circuit margin of each unit. Really added to the final voltage on the batteries is by no dell Inspiron 4000 battery means 16V, please rest assured that is worried about a friend.